The fear of Sputnik
When Sputnik was launched it didn’t matter that Sputnik was basically a toaster with a radio. As far as America was concerned, it was a clear sign that the ussr was ahead.
And that very clear perception was what propelled the US to focus on the moon.
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and then China is now having a Sputnik moment (with things like Alpha go etc)
Saw an article about this online